KERIS DEEPWATER GAS DEVELOPMENT MAKASSAR STRAIT — EAST KALIMANTAN
Keris merupakan prospek/lapangan gas laut dalam di kawasan Selat Makassar, lepas pantai Kalimantan Timur. Karakter utama proyek adalah pengembangan reservoir gas offshore pada lingkungan deepwater. Karena itu sistem produksinya membutuhkan kombinasi development wells, subsea production system, flowline, fasilitas pengolahan, serta sistem ekspor gas.
Secara konseptual, rantai fasilitas pengembangannya adalah: GAS RESERVOIR ↓ DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT WELLS ↓ SUBSEA WELLHEAD & TREE ↓ SUBSEA MANIFOLD ↓ FLOWLINE + UMBILICAL ↓ PRODUCTION / PROCESSING FACILITY ↓ GAS TREATMENT ↓ COMPRESSION ↓ EXPORT PIPELINE ↓ EXISTING / REGIONAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE
KARAKTER DEEPWATER Keris berada di lingkungan laut dalam Selat Makassar.
Pengembangan reservoir pada kondisi tersebut berbeda dengan lapangan offshore dangkal karena sebagian besar sistem produksi berada di dasar laut.
Fasilitas harus mampu beroperasi pada: • High hydrostatic pressure • Deepwater environment • Remote subsea location • Long-distance fluid transportation • Limited physical intervention • Continuous subsea monitoring
Kedalaman air dan jarak terhadap fasilitas penerima akan menjadi parameter utama dalam pemilihan development concept.
GEOLOGI & RESERVOIR Sebelum konfigurasi fasilitas ditetapkan, reservoir harus didefinisikan melalui integrasi data seismic dan sumur.
Parameter utama yang dianalisis: POROSITY PERMEABILITY NET PAY GAS SATURATION RESERVOIR PRESSURE RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE FLUID COMPOSITION RESERVOIR CONTINUITY
Data tersebut menentukan recoverable gas, production profile dan jumlah development wells.
DEVELOPMENT WELLS Produksi gas dimulai melalui deepwater development wells.
Sumur kemudian dilengkapi dengan subsea wellhead dan subsea production tree.
SUBSEA WELLHEAD & TREE Karena sumur berada di dasar laut, production control dilakukan melalui subsea production equipment.
Sistemnya dapat terdiri atas: • Subsea wellhead • Subsea tree • Tubing hanger • Subsea valves • Choke • Connector • Control module • Pressure monitoring • Temperature monitoring
Subsea tree mengatur aliran gas dari sumur menuju flowline.
SUBSEA MANIFOLD Jika beberapa development wells digunakan, produksi dapat dikumpulkan melalui subsea manifold.
Konfigurasinya: WELL 1 WELL 2 WELL 3 SUBSEA MANIFOLD WELL 4 WELL 5
FLOWLINE
PRODUCTION FACILITY
Subsea manifold menggabungkan produksi beberapa sumur sebelum dialirkan menuju fasilitas penerima.
FLOWLINE & UMBILICAL Flowline membawa gas dan fluida produksi dari subsea wells menuju processing facility. Umbilical membawa kebutuhan kontrol dari fasilitas permukaan menuju subsea equipment.
FLOWLINE: • Production fluid • Gas • Condensate • Produced water
UMBILICAL: • Hydraulic power • Electrical power • Communication • Control signal • Chemical injection
Sistem ini merupakan bagian utama dari SURF — Subsea Umbilicals, Risers and Flowlines.
RISER SYSTEM Apabila production facility berada di permukaan laut, flowline subsea harus dihubungkan melalui riser.
Rangkaian produksinya: SUBSEA WELL ↓ MANIFOLD ↓ FLOWLINE ↓ RISER ↓ SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITY
Desain riser mengikuti water depth, metocean condition, pressure, temperature dan karakteristik fluida.
FLOW ASSURANCE Gas yang mengalir dari reservoir menuju fasilitas produksi mengalami perubahan tekanan dan temperatur. Karena itu diperlukan flow assurance study. Parameter yang dianalisis antara lain: • Pressure drop • Temperature profile • Hydrate formation • Condensate behaviour • Liquid accumulation • Slugging • Corrosion • Erosion • Chemical injection requirement
Hasil flow assurance menentukan ukuran flowline, insulation, chemical injection dan kebutuhan compression.
PRODUCTION & PROCESSING FACILITY Gas dari subsea system selanjutnya masuk ke fasilitas pengolahan. Development concept final dapat menggunakan dedicated production facility ataupun integrasi/tie-back dengan fasilitas regional, tergantung hasil engineering dan keekonomian.
Fasilitas pengolahan dapat mencakup: • Inlet separator • Gas treatment • Gas dehydration • Condensate separation • Produced water treatment • Gas compression • Metering • Chemical injection • Utilities • Flare system
GAS & CONDENSATE SEPARATION Produksi reservoir dapat membawa gas, hydrocarbon liquid dan produced water.
Karena itu fluida harus dipisahkan: WELL STREAM ↓ SEPARATOR ↓ GAS + CONDENSATE + PRODUCED WATER
Gas diteruskan ke treatment dan compression. Condensate masuk ke condensate handling system. Produced water diproses melalui water treatment system.
GAS COMPRESSION Compression digunakan untuk meningkatkan tekanan gas sebelum dikirim melalui export pipeline.
Compression train dapat terdiri atas: INLET SCRUBBER ↓ GAS COMPRESSOR ↓ DRIVER ↓ AFTERCOOLER ↓ DISCHARGE SEPARATOR ↓ METERING ↓ EXPORT GAS
Equipment utamanya: • Gas compressor • Compressor driver • Scrubber • Gas cooler • Pressure vessel • Piping • Valves • Anti-surge system • Condition monitoring
EXPORT PIPELINE Gas yang telah memenuhi specification selanjutnya dikirim melalui offshore export pipeline.
INTEGRASI INFRASTRUKTUR Salah satu bagian penting dalam concept selection adalah menentukan titik penerimaan gas.
Secara umum terdapat dua konfigurasi. OPTION 1 — TIE-BACK / INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRATION KERIS WELLS ↓ SUBSEA SYSTEM ↓ FLOWLINE ↓ EXISTING / FUTURE REGIONAL FACILITY ↓ GAS PROCESSING ↓ EXPORT NETWORK
OPTION 2 — DEDICATED DEVELOPMENT KERIS WELLS ↓ SUBSEA SYSTEM ↓ DEDICATED PRODUCTION FACILITY ↓ PROCESSING ↓ COMPRESSION ↓ EXPORT PIPELINE
Pemilihan konfigurasi bergantung pada: • Recoverable resources • Production profile • Distance to infrastructure • Available processing capacity • Water depth • Pipeline distance • Reservoir pressure • Gas composition • Project economics
ELECTRICAL, INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL Production facilities membutuhkan: • Power generation • Electrical distribution • Transformer • Switchgear • MCC • Electrical cable • Instrumentation • Metering • DCS • SIS • Emergency shutdown • Fire & gas system • Communication • Subsea control system
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE RESERVOIR EVALUATION ↓ APPRAISAL ↓ RESERVOIR MODELLING ↓ CONCEPT SELECT ↓ FLOW ASSURANCE ↓ PRE-FEED ↓ FEED ↓ DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL / FID ↓ DETAILED ENGINEERING ↓ PROCUREMENT ↓ DEVELOPMENT DRILLING ↓ SUBSEA FABRICATION ↓ OFFSHORE INSTALLATION ↓ PRODUCTION FACILITY INTEGRATION ↓ EXPORT PIPELINE ↓ HOOK-UP ↓ COMMISSIONING ↓ FIRST GAS
PROJECT PROFILE FIELD / PROSPECT: Keris
AREA: Makassar Strait — East Kalimantan
PROJECT CHARACTER: Deepwater gas development
HYDROCARBON: Gas with potential associated liquids/condensate
MAIN DEVELOPMENT ELEMENTS: Deepwater wells Subsea production system SURF Gas processing Compression Export pipeline
DEVELOPMENT CONFIGURATION: Final configuration depends on reservoir, engineering and infrastructure integration studies.
PROJECT UPDATE SUMMARY KERIS DEEPWATER GAS DEVELOPMENT — MAKASSAR STRAIT
Rangkaian teknis pengembangan: GAS RESERVOIR → DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT WELLS → SUBSEA WELLHEAD & TREE → SUBSEA MANIFOLD → FLOWLINE + UMBILICAL → RISER → PRODUCTION / PROCESSING FACILITY → GAS TREATMENT → COMPRESSION → EXPORT PIPELINE → REGIONAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE
Bagian utama proyek mencakup deepwater drilling, subsea production system, SURF, gas processing, compression, electrical & instrumentation, offshore pipeline serta marine installation.
Konfigurasi fasilitas produksi dan titik integrasi gas ditentukan melalui reservoir evaluation, concept selection, flow assurance dan engineering sebelum memasuki pembangunan penuh.
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